NEUTRON
THESIS SYSTEM MEMVM YIELD
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Neutron · Core Technology

MemVM

The memory hypervisor that turns a rack of CXL silicon into a fleet of independent, isolated, metered virtual memory machines — allocated in seconds, billed by the gigabyte-hour, rented to the AI industry.

LAYERmemvm/control-plane PROTOCXL 3.1 STATEMAINNET-BETA
64MB
Allocation granularity
~445ns
Pooled access latency
<10s
Provision a machine
100%
GB·hr metered
LIVE FABRIC 42.6 GB/s MIGRATE 14.2k pg/s MACHINES 1041 LIVE POOL 76.3% UTIL
The problem it solves

Memory is soldered to a box.
MemVM sets it free.

SEC / 01 — OVERVIEW

Traditionally, the DRAM in a server belongs to that server, and nothing else can touch it. When one box is starving for memory and the box beside it sits half-idle, there is no way to move the capacity across. CXL broke that wall at the hardware level: memory can now leave the server and live in a shared pool. MemVM is the software that makes the pool usable as a product — it aggregates every module across every chassis into one fabric-wide address space, then slices that space into virtual memory machines that behave like real, dedicated memory to each tenant, while Neutron keeps them isolated, metered, and continuously earning.

A virtual memory machine is the unit a holder owns and a tenant rents. It has a capacity, a bandwidth class, a tenant binding, and a live meter. MemVM can spin one up, resize it, migrate it across the fabric, and tear it down — all without touching the physical hardware.

System architecture

Four layers, one pool.

SEC / 02 — ARCHITECTURE
L4 · TENANTS — AI inference & training clusters LLM Inference KV-cache offload · paged Model Serving on-demand expansion In-memory DB dedicated large-VM Vector / RAG store hot working set in-pool L3 · MEMVM CONTROL PLANE Fabric Manager discovery · binding Allocator DCD carve · resize QoS · Isolation bandwidth · fences Tiering Engine hot / warm / cold Metering GB·hr → ledger L2 · CXL 3.1 SWITCH FABRIC — multi-logical devices · dynamic capacity SW·0 SW·1 one flat address space across all chassis L1 · PHYSICAL — Falcon C5022 chassis · Samsung / Micron modules CHASSIS · 0 [5.5 TB] CHASSIS · 1 [5.5 TB] CHASSIS · N [5.5 TB]
MemVM — Neutron's control plane
Industry-standard hardware & interconnect
Load / store & control traffic
The data path

From a request to a live machine.

SEC / 03 — LIFECYCLE
t≈0s
01

Request

A tenant asks for capacity — a size, a bandwidth class, a duration. Or a holder's share comes online and needs a machine placed against it.

t<10s
02

Carve

The allocator asks the Fabric Manager to cut a slice from the pool using dynamic capacity, picking modules that keep the tenant on the shortest fabric path.

bind
03

Bind & fence

The slice is bound to exactly one tenant, address-fenced from every other, and given a hard bandwidth ceiling so neighbours never bleed into each other.

live
04

Serve & meter

The tenant reads and writes at pool latency. Every gigabyte-hour is metered and streamed to the ledger, where it becomes yield for the share's holder.

What the control plane does

The machinery behind a share.

SEC / 04 — CAPABILITIES
CAP.01

Dynamic capacity

Memory is carved and reclaimed in 64 MB extents while everything stays online. A machine grows, shrinks, or moves without a reboot on either side.

DCDHot-addOnline resize
CAP.02

Hard tenant isolation

Each virtual machine sits in its own fenced address range. A tenant can never read, corrupt, or even observe another's memory. Faults are contained to a single slice.

Address fencePoison isolatePer-tenant keys
CAP.03

Bandwidth QoS

Every machine carries a bandwidth class with an enforced ceiling, so one noisy tenant on a shared switch can't starve the others. Performance is a contract, not a hope.

Rate limitFair sharePriority alloc
CAP.04

Memory tiering

The engine tracks access heat and keeps hot pages on the fastest media, cold pages on the cheapest. Tenants get near-local speed on the data that matters.

Hot / warm / coldPage migrationNUMA-aware
CAP.05

RAS & reliability

Inline ECC, memory poison handling, and per-module telemetry. A failing module is drained and swapped with the tenant migrated live — no data lost, no downtime billed.

ECCLive drainTelemetry
CAP.06

Metering & settlement

Usage is measured continuously in gigabyte-hours per machine and written to the on-chain ledger. That stream is exactly what a share's yield is computed from.

GB·hrOn-chain ledgerPer-share
Zero integration

It looks like memory.
Because to your box, it is.

SEC / 05 — INTEGRATION

Nothing to install, nothing to port. A Neutron machine surfaces on the tenant host as a standard system memory node — the operating system, the allocator, and the AI framework use it exactly as they use local RAM. Provisioning is one command; the working set simply gets bigger.

memvm@neutron-core — provision
$
carved 512.0 GiB from pool · 8192 × 64 MiB extents
bound to tenant acme · bandwidth class HOT · 48 GB/s
surfaced as NUMA node 3 on host gnr-07 · no driver, no reboot
machine NX-4F2A-01 READY in 9.4s · metering armed
$
INT.01

Surfaces as a NUMA node

The host sees ordinary system memory on a second tier. The kernel's tiered-memory logic places pages across local and pooled DRAM with no help from the application.

Standard OSAuto-tierNo driver
INT.02

No code changes

CXL.mem is native load and store — the CPU reads and writes it directly. There is nothing to install and nothing to rewrite; existing binaries run unmodified.

Load / storeZero portBinary-clean
INT.03

Transparent to the AI stack

vLLM, PyTorch, and CUDA unified memory allocate into the pool like any RAM. The KV-cache and the hot working set grow into Neutron without a line of glue code.

vLLMPyTorchCUDA UVM
Where the pool sits

Memory speed, not storage speed.

SEC / 06 — LATENCY
Local DDR5on-server, non-pooled
~90 ns
CXL near-memorydirect-attached expander
~180 ns
Neutron poolswitched fabric, shared
~445 ns
NVMe SSDstorage tier
~80 µs

Bars are log-scaled for shape. The pool answers in hundreds of nanoseconds — the same order as memory, roughly 100× faster than the SSD tier where inference caches would otherwise spill. That gap is the product: keep the working set in real memory, priced by the hour, instead of buying and stranding DRAM for peak.

From bytes to yield

Every gigabyte-hour is a coupon.

SEC / 07 — SETTLEMENT

The meter is not a dashboard afterthought — it is the spine of the whole model. MemVM measures exactly how much memory each virtual machine served and for how long, in gigabyte-hours. That record is written on-chain per machine, aggregated per share, and paid out on the pulsar cadence.

A holder owns a share. A share maps to one or more virtual memory machines. Those machines are rented and metered by MemVM. The rent, net of operating cost, is the yield. The chain, not a spreadsheet, is the source of truth.

MemVM meters delivered service in gigabyte-hours and settles it on-chain. Distributions follow the metered record, per machine and per share.

MACHINE NX-4F2A-01 · SETTLEMENT WINDOW
Capacity provisioned512 GB
Mean utilization76.4 %
Served this window65,687 GB·hr
Rental ratemarket · GB·hr
Operating costnetted
→ Distributed to shareon pulse
Technical specification

The stack, on paper.

SEC / 08 — SPEC
InterconnectCXL 3.1 over PCIe · CXL.mem load/store, CXL.io control
Pooling modelMulti-logical devices behind a switch fabric · Dynamic Capacity Devices
OrchestrationMemVM Fabric Manager + allocator · discovery, binding, resize, live migration
ChassisH3 Falcon C5022 class · 3U · 22 modules · 5.5 TB per rack
ModulesSamsung / Micron enterprise DDR5 · 128 GB & 256 GB
Host platformIntel Granite Rapids or AMD Turin · CXL 3.x root
Allocation granularity64 MB extents · online hot-add / hot-remove
Access latency~109 ns local · ~445 ns switched / pooled
IsolationPer-tenant address fencing · bandwidth QoS ceilings · poison containment
ReliabilityInline ECC · memory poison handling · live module drain & swap
MeteringPer-machine GB·hour · streamed to on-chain ledger · aggregated per share
ServicesOn-demand expansion · KV-cache pool · dedicated large-memory VM

MemVM is Neutron's control-plane software, built on open industry standards — CXL, Dynamic Capacity Devices, and multi-logical-device pooling — running on commercial chassis and enterprise memory. Neutron builds the intelligence; the silicon is proven.

Own a slab of the core

Every share is a virtual memory machine, live and metered.

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